HomeMy WebLinkAbout2010/09/22 - Agenda Packet 4I
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• THE CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
Cloy HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
AGENDA
RANCHO
CUCAMONGA SEPTEMBER 22, 2010 - 7:00 PM
Rancho Cucamonga Civic Center
Council Chambers
10500 Civic Center Drive
Rancho Cucamonga, California
I. CALL To ORDER
Pledge of Allegiance
Roll Call
Chairman Munoz_ Vice Chairman Howdyshell
• Fletcher_ Wimberly_ Oaxaca
IL. ANNOUNCEMENTS
III. APPROVAL OF MINUTES • I •
Regular Meeting Minutes of September 8, 2010
IIV. PUBLIC HEARINGS
The following items are public hearings in which concerned individuals may voice their
opinion of the related project. Please wait to be recognized by the Chairman and
address the Commission by stating your name and address. All such opinions shall be
limited to 5 minutes per individual for each project. Please sign in after speaking.
A. ADOPTION OF THE RANCHO CUCAMONGA HISTORIC CONTEXT
STATEMENT, RANCHO CUCAMONGA LOCAL REGISTER OF
HISTORIC RESOURCES, AND THE RANCHO CUCAMONGA LOCAL
INVENTORY OF HISTORIC RESOURCES
V. PUBLIC COMMENTS
• This is the time and place for the general public to address the commission. Items to be
discussed here are those that do not already appear on this agenda.
•
oHISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION
AGENDA
RANCHO SEPTEMBER 22, 2010
CUCA.MONGA Page 2
IVI. COMMISSION BUSINESS/COMMENTS
LVII. ADJOURNMENT
I, Lois J. Schrader, Planning Commission Secretary of the City of Rancho Cucamonga,
or my designee, hereby certify that a true, accurate copy of the foregoing agenda was
posted on September 16, 2010, at least 72 hours prior to the meeting per Government
Code Section 54964.2 at 10500 Civic Center Drive, Rancho Cucamonga.
Please turn off all cellular phones and pagers while the meeting is in session. •
Copies of the Planning Commission agendas and minutes can be found at
http:llwww.ci.rancho-cucamonga.ca.us
If you need special assistance or accommodations to participate in this meeting, •
please contact the Planning Department at (909) 477-2750. Notification of 48
hours prior to the meeting will enable the City to make reasonable arrangements to
ensure accessibility. Listening devices are available for the hearing impaired.
1
Vicinity Map
• Historic Preservation
Commission Meeting
September 22 , 2010
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-Meeting Location: - - -- -- - _ _
City Hall
10500 Civic Center Drive
1 •
STAFF REPORT Ct
• PL NNING DEPARTMENT LJ
�-M
RANCHO
Date: September 22, 2010 CUCAMONGA
To: Chairman and Members of the Historic Preservation Commission
From: James R. Troyer, AICP, Planning Director
By: Mayuko Nakajima, Assistant Planner
Subject: ADOPTION OF THE HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT, RANCHO CUCAMONGA
LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES, AND THE RANCHO CUCAMONGA
LOCAL INVENTORY OF HISTORIC RESOURCES
GENERAL: The City Council adopted the updated City of Rancho Cucamonga General Plan on
May 19, 2010. As part of this update, new policies and goals were created for Historic
Preservation. Specifically, Goal LU-15 states that the City shall "maintain a local historic resource
survey, local inventory of historic resources, and local register of historic resources." Policy
LU-15.1 states that the City shall regularly update the Historic Context.Statement, as well as the
historic resource survey and the inventory. Policy LU-15.4 states that the City shall define the Local
Register of Historic Resources.
Listed below are definitions of the following terms as prepared by Chattel Architects for the 2010
• General Plan Update:
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT: Used to identify, document and understand the importance of
historic resources reviewed in survey, a Historic Context Statement describes historic periods,
themes, events, people, architects, and builders pertinent to the cultural and developmental history
of the City. A regularly updated Historic Context Statement provides valuable information useful to
identify resources to be included in the Local Inventory of Historic Resources and listed in the Local
Register of Historic Resources. It shall be updated over time to include historic resources as they
approach 50 years of age or older.
LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES: Contains all historic resources designated by
the City for public recognition and benefits. It may be comprised of the Local Inventory of Historic
Resources, as well as resources found outside of the City's survey effort to be historically
significant, all of which must be officially adopted by the City Historic Preservation Commission to
become part of the register. Maintaining a local register and identifying appropriate protection
mechanisms including design standards and design review, tends to allow for greater City control to
protect historic resources than is possible through California or National Register designation.
LOCAL INVENTORY OF HISTORIC RESOURCES: The list of buildings, structures, objects, sites,
and districts surveyed by qualified professionals and found to be historically significant by meeting
eligibility criteria established by the City and aligned with the California Register. Typically, the
Local Inventory of Historic Resources would be based on intensive survey consistent with
standards from the State Office of Historic Preservation.
• The Historic Context Statement was prepared by Chattel Architecture, Planning & Preservation, Inc.
(Chattel Architecture), which is Exhibit C to the attached draft resolution.
Item A
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION STAFF REPORT
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT, LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES, AND
LOCAL INVENTORY OF HISTORIC RESOURCES •
September 22, 2010
Page 2
Our current list of 76 landmarks and 29 points of interest will become the Local Register of Historic
Resources, which is Exhibit A to the attached draft resolution.
Based on the City's "Designated and Potential Historic Site List," Chattel performed a city-wide
survey in concentrated areas. Their findings have been compiled into a list of survey results. This
list will officially become the City's Local Inventory of Historic Resources which is Exhibit B to the
attached draft resolution
RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the Historic Preservation Commission adopt the
Historic Context Statement, Local Register of Historic Resources, and the Local Inventory of
Historic Resources through adoption of the attached Resolution.
Respectfully submitted,
gjilorWlY
Jam R. Troyer, AICP
Planning Director
JRT:MN\ge •
Attachment: Draft Resolution of Approval for Historic Context Statement, Local Register of
Historic Resources, and Local Inventory of Historic Resources
•
o1
RESOLUTION NO. 10-01
• A RESOLUTION OF THE HISTORIC PRESERVATION
COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA,
CALIFORNIA ADOPTING A LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC
RESOURCES, THE RANCHO CUCAMONGA INVENTORY OF
HISTORIC RESOURCES, AND A HISTORIC CONTEXT
STATEMENT
A. Recitals.
1. On May 19, 2010, the City of Rancho Cucamonga adopted a comprehensive
update to its General Plan (the "General Plan"), which recognizes the growing importance of
historic preservation in this City as part of the General Plan's Land Use Element.
2. Policy LU-15.4 of the General Plan calls on the Commission to define a Local
Register of Historic Resources (the "Local Register of Historic Resources" or "Register") that
includes designated local historic resources. The City's most current list of designated historic
resources is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
3. Policy LU-15.1 of the General Plan calls for a comprehensive survey of potential
historic resources and its adoption as the Rancho Cucamonga Inventory of Historic Resources
(the "Rancho Cucamonga Inventory of Historic Resources" or "Inventory") to describe buildings,
structures, objects, sites, and districts found to be potentially eligible for listing in the Register.
The General Plan states the Inventory shall be maintained separate and apart from the
• Register. As part of the General Plan update, Chattel Architecture, Planning & Preservation,
Inc. ("Chattel") surveyed potential historic resources in the City. A copy of the survey results is
attached hereto as Exhibit B to this Resolution.
4. Policy LU-15.1 of the General Plan calls for the adoption of an official Historic
Context Statement (the "Historic Context Statement"), which is intended to be a tool for
evaluating historic resources. As part of the 2010 General Plan Update, Chattel prepared a
draft historic context statement for the City, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit C to
this Resolution.
5. Policy LU-15.1 of the General Plan states that the Historic Context Statement,
the Register, and the Inventory will be updated regularly.
B. Resolution.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Historic Preservation Commission of the City of
Rancho Cucamonga hereby finds, determines, and resolves as follows:
1. All facts set forth in the Recitals, Part A, of this Resolution are true and correct.
2. The Commission hereby adopts Exhibit A to this resolution, which is hereby
incorporated as though set forth in full, as the City's official "Local Register of Historic
Resources."
3. The Commission hereby adopts Exhibit B to this resolution, which is hereby
• incorporated as though set forth in full, as the official "Rancho Cucamonga Inventory of Historic
Resources."
1#3
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION RESOLUTION NO. 10-01
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT, LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES AND
LOCAL INVENTORY OF HISTORIC RESOURCES
September 22, 2010
Page 2 •
4. The Commission hereby adopts Exhibit C to this resolution, which is hereby
incorporated as though set forth in full, as the City's official "Historic Context Statement."
5. The Secretary to this Commission, or his or her designee, shall be responsible
for maintaining the Register and the Inventory and shall update them when warranted by the
change in the status of any property. The Planning Director shall promptly inform the
Commission of any changes made to either the Register or the Inventory.
6. The Secretary to this Commission, or his or her designee, shall from time to time
review the Historic Context Statement and recommend changes to the Commission when
warranted by new information.
7. The Secretary to this Commission shall certify to the adoption of this Resolution.
APPROVED AND ADOPTED THIS 22ND DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 2010.
HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
BY:
Luis Munoz, Jr., Chairman •
ATTEST:
James R. Troyer, AICP, Secretary
I, James R. Troyer, AICP, Secretary of the Historic Preservation Commission of the City of
Rancho Cucamonga, do hereby certify that the foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly
introduced, passed, and adopted by the Historic Preservation Commission of the City of
Rancho Cucamonga, at a regular meeting of the Historic Preservation Commission held on the
22nd day of September 2010, by the following vote-to-wit:
AYES: COMMISSIONERS:
NOES: COMMISSIONERS:
ABSENT: COMMISSIONERS:
ABSTAIN: COMMISSIONERS:
•
/`f
LOCAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES
•
LANDMARKS
1. Adams House - 7914 Alta Cuesta Drive
2. Albert House - 10323 19th Street
3, Alderfer (Becker) Residence - 8308 Baker Avenue
4. Alta Loma Fire Hall - 7125 Amethyst Avenue
5. Alta Loma Honor Roll - 7172 Amethyst Avenue
6. Alta Loma School & Site - 9488 19th Street
7. Bartholow Residence - 12920 Bartholow Drive
8. Beckley House - 6729 Hermosa Avenue
9. Beverly Hills House - 9786 Arrow Route
10. Buehler House - 9650 San Bernardino Road
11. Canyon Live Oak Tree (Q. Vercus Chrysolepis) - 12194 Base Line Road
12. Casa de Rancho Cucamonga (Rains House) - 8810 Hemlock Street
13. Central Public.School.(Sweeten Hall) - 9324 San Bernardino Road •
• 14. Chaffey-Garcia House - 7150 Etiwanda Avenue
15. Chaffey-Isle House - 7086 Etiwanda Avenue
16. Charles E. Smith House - 9385 Lomita Avenue
17. Charles Stoebe Home - 6710 Beryl Street
18. Cherbak Family Home (Cherbak-Stowe) - 9983 Hillside Road
19. China Town House - 9591 San Bernardino Road
20. Cour House -.7567 Etiwanda Avenue
- 21. . Croswell House - 9874 Arrow Route
22. Cucamonga Rancho Winery (Thomas Vineyard Company Winery) - 8916 Foothill Boulevard
23. Cucamonga Rock Church - 7690 Archibald Avenue
24. Cucamonga Service Station - 9670 Foothill Boulevard
25. Demens-Tolstoy House - 9686 Hillside Road
26. Dorothy Finley House - 7920 Valle Vista Drive
27. Ellena/Regina Winery (Filippi Winery) - 12467 Baseline Road
28. Emery House - 7403 Archibald Avenue
29. Emory Allen House - 9441- Lomita Drive
30. Ernst Mueller House - 6563 East Avenue
•
EXHIBIT A
31. Etiwanda Congregational Church - 7126 Etiwanda Avenue
32. Etiwanda Metate - 6925 Etiwanda Avenue •
33. Etiwanda Railway Station - 7089 Etiwanda Avenue
34. Etiwanda Telephone Switching Station & Water Tank - 13103 Victoria Street
35. Garrett & Co. Winery (Virginia Dare Winery) - 10470 Foothill Boulevard
36. •G. Edgar Frost House - 7082 East Avenue
37. George Cherbak House - 9953 Hillside Avenue
38. Goerlitz House - 6156 Hellman Avenue
39. G.P. Ledig House - 5759 Hellman Avenue
40. Grandma Issak House - 9611 Hillside Road
41. Guidera Winery House - 9081 Main Street
42. H.D. Cousins House (Christmas House) - 9240 Archibald Avenue
43. Henry Albert Building - 7136 Amethyst Street
44. Herbert-Goerlitz House - 6558 Hermosa Avenue
45. Hickcox Residence - 6862 Etiwanda Avenue
46. Highland Avenue Street Trees - Highland Avenue between Etiwanda & East Avenue
47. Hippard Ranch Vineyards - 13100 Victoria Street
48. Hippard Rancho - 13181 Victoria Street •
49. Hogancamp Residence - 9475 La Vine Street
50. Hoppe House - 6155 East Avenue
51. Huber Ranch/Kalbach House - 5991 Hellman Avenue
52. Kincaid Ranch House - 9449 Ninth Street
53. Klusman House - 8841 Foothill Boulevard
54. Koch House - 7491 Etiwanda Avenue
55. Ledig House & Barn - 9404 La Vine Street
56. Isaac Lord House - 6797 Hellman Avenue
57. Magic Lamp Restaurant - 8189 Foothill Boulevard
58. Maloof Residence & Workshops - 5131 Carnelian Street
59. Minor House - 10089 Eagle Ridge Court
60. Mitchell Family Residence - 10213 Foothill Boulevard
61. Neil D. & Emma S. Hickcox Residence & Garage - 6878 Etiwanda Avenue
62. Nesbit-McCorkle House - 7608 Hellman Avenue
63. Night Blooming Cereus (cactus) - 7850 Valle Vista Drive
64. Norton-Fisher House - 7165 Etiwanda Avenue •
65. Nosenzo/Smiderle House - 8068 Archibald Avenue
• 66. Palmer Ranch - 5708 Hellman Avenue
67. Roth's Store & Post Office (Ernie's Place) - 7157 Amethyst Avenue
68. Schowalter House - 5495 Hermosa Avenue
69. Statom-Bingham House - 6743 Amethyst Avenue
70. Statue of Oso Bear- 8318 Foothill Boulevard
71. Stegmeier House - 7050 Etiwanda Avenue
72. Thorpe House - 9588 Wilson Avenue
73. Toews Family Residence - 9681 Hillside Road
74. Victoria Avenue Street Trees - Victoria Avenue between Etiwanda & East Avenue
75. Walnut Trees - Lining Beryl Street, N. of Hillside Road, S. of Carrari Court
76. Warren/Thorpe House - 6112 Hellman Avenue
POINTS OF INTEREST
1. Aggazzotti Winery - 11929 Foothill Boulevard
2. Alta Loma Heights Citrus Association Packing House - 7125 Amethyst Avenue
• 3. Alta Loma Pacific Electric Railway Station Site - 7188 Amethyst Street
4. Blessent House - 9317 6th Street
5. Campanella, Guidera and DiCarlo Homes & Vineyards - 12573-12881 Foothill.Boulevard
6. Charles N. Ross House - 6527 Etiwanda Avenue
7. Cucamonga Labor Camp - Arrow Route to Foothill Boulevard, East of Baker Avenue
8. Cucamonga Pioneer Winery - 8812 Haven Avenue
9. Cucamonga Post Office Site - 8030 Vineyard Avenue
10. Etivista Winery - 12742-12774 Foothill Boulevard
11. Four Craftsman Residences - 9618-9642 Foothill Boulevard
12. George and Jessie Johnston Home - 6998 Etiwanda Avenue
13. Haven Avenue Beautification Project - Originally, Haven Avenue median
14. Hellman Avenue Windrow - West side of Hellman Avenue, 250 feet north of Baseline Road
15. H.W. Minor House - 7567 Etiwanda Avenue
16. Kemp Residence - 13151 Highland Avenue
17. La Fourcade Store - 11871 Foothill Boulevard
18. Logia Felipe Angeles, Inc. Theater- 10071 Feron Boulevard
411 19. Milliken Rancho House Site - 8798 Haven Avenue
20. Multiple Residences at Foothill Boulevard - 9424, 9434, 9456, 9474, 9482, 9494 Foothill •
Boulevard
21. Pearson Filling Station and Garage - 12912 Foothill Boulevard
22. Sacred Heart Catholic Church and T. Ingvaldsen and Sons Store/ Regina Restaurant -
12704 Foothill Boulevard
23. Santa-Fe Cucamonga Depot Site - Eight Street, East of Archibald Avenue
24. Schowalter Grove Site - 8297 Baker Avenue
25. ,Schowalter Rock Pile Site - 660 feet east of Hermosa Avenue and south of Vista Grove
Street
26. Sedge Bog Ecological Area - Day Creek Canyon
27. Sycamore Inn - 8318 Foothill Boulevard
28. Site of the Etiwanda Grape Products Company - 9370 Etiwanda Avenue
29. Tapia Adobe Site - Top of Red Hill
•
•
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City of Rancho Cucamonga
Historic Context Statement
•
Prepared by Chattel Architecture, Planning & Preservation, Inc. for the
City of Rancho Cucamonga, California
Revised March 24, 2010
•
EXH [ BI 1 .0
1} 01-
r t
CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS •
Introduction 3
Context: Early Settlement (1811-1876) 3
Context: Acquisition of Land and Water (1877-1946) 4
Theme: Acquisition of Land and Water(1877-1946) 4
Theme: Chinese Immigrant Workers (1880-1900) 6
Theme: Flood Control (1862-1976) 7
Context: Railroad Development and the Agriculture Industry (1887-1970) 7
Theme: Town Development Cucamonga, Alta Loma, and Etiwanda (1887-1945) 7
Theme: High Winds (1877-1960) 9
Theme: Winemaking (1858-1970) 10
Context: Route 66 (1926-1970) 11
Context: Postwar Development (1945-1977) 12
Context: Consolidation and Incorporation (1977-2010) 13
References 14
•
_. •
.
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
• HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
Historic Context Statement for the
• City of Rancho Cucamonga, California
INTRODUCTION
Situated at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains in San Bernardino County, the City of Rancho
Cucamonga is a bustling metropolis located approximately 45 miles east of Los Angeles and 40 miles
northeast of Orange County. It was incorporated in 1977, consolidating the three towns of Cucamonga,
Alta Loma and Etiwanda into one municipality. Given its fertile soil, temperate climate, and access to
an ample supply of water, agriculture developed as the main industry in Rancho Cucamonga beginning
in the latter half of the 19th century, when farmers and vintners began producing a variety of crops,
particularly citrus fruits and grapes for wine-making. Although the local agriculture industry has
changed over time due to a variety of factors, including technological advancement and transportation
improvements, agriculture remains a recognizable, although fading, feature of Rancho Cucamonga's
physical landscape.
Having recently undergone the rapid population growth characteristic of many cities in the Inland
Empire, Rancho Cucamonga's population grew about 10 percent, or, 15,000 people, between 2003 and
2005;1 as of January 2009, it boasted a population of 177,736. While the rate of population increase
has lessened somewhat in recent years, it is predicted that the number of people living in San
Bernardino County will increase by approximately one million people by the year 2030.2 Reflecting this
trend, the rapidly expanding urban environment has consumed much of the agricultural land that once
characterized the area. As it is a goal of the General Plan to determine the best path for future growth,
it is appropriate to consider how the City's significant historic resources, including non-architectural
resources such as historic landscapes, will be preserved in the face of urban growth and change. The
following narrative contains a developmental history of the City of Rancho Cucamonga, organized by
significant historic contexts and themes. It is not meant to be the definitive history of the City but rather
a tool for evaluation of historic resources.
CONTEXT: EARLY SETTLEMENT (1811-1876)
Originally inhabited by Indian tribes, the City of Rancho Cucamonga has been a center of land
development opportunity since Franciscan priests and Spanish soldiers entered and began their
occupation of the area in the late 18th century. The name "Cucamonga," a Shoshone word for "sandy
place," first appeared in a written record of the San Gabriel Mission dated 1811. As a result of the
secularization of the missions in 1831, the land owned by the missions was divided into land grants,
including the 13,000 acre Rancho Cucamonga, granted to Los Angeles City Council president and
businessman Tiburcio Tapia in 1839. The Rancho Cucamonga was defined by El Camino Real on its
southern border, the San Gabriel Mountains to the north, the San Antonio Creek to the west and
present-day Etiwanda Avenue to the east. Tapia built his home on the top of visually prominent Red
Hill, planted some of Rancho Cucamonga's first vineyards, and built a small winery, which would later
be enlarged and reestablished as the Thomas Winery in 1933 and then again as the Filippl Vineyards
winery in 1967.3 Portions of the historic winery buildings, located at the northeast corner of Foothill
'The County population increased by only 5.74 percent during the same time(2008 Regional Transportation Plan Growth Forecast,
• Southern California Association of Government(SCAG).
2 Ibid.
3 Donald L.Clucas. Light Over the Mountain. Upland:California Family House Publishers, 1979,70.
•
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
Boulevard and Vineyard Avenue, are currently being reused for commercial purposes.
Upon the death of Tapia in 1845, Tapia's daughter, Maria Merced Tapia de Prudhomme, became the •
sole heir of the Rancho Cucamonga. Maria Merced's husband, Leon Victor Prudhomme, assumed
control of the rancho and eventually sold it to John Rains in 1858. Rains significantly expanded the
vineyards, planting approximately 125,000 to 150,000 vines. He was found murdered in 1862 and soon
after his death, his widow, Dona Maria Merced Williams de Rains, inherited the ranch property. She
encountered financial problems and the property fell into foreclosure, ultimately marking the close of the
rancho way of life in the Cucamonga region.
CONTEXT: ACQUISITION OF LAND AND WATER (1877-1946) . "
Theme: Acquisition of Land and Water(1877-1946)
Development of the three towns of Cucamonga, Alta Loma, and Etiwanda began in the late 1870s and
1880s as a direct result of acquisition and distribution of land and water and the availability of rail transit
through the region. Following Native American occupation of the Cucamonga Valley, the earliest
documented use of local water sources was by Tiburcio Tapia at his winery, utilizing water from
Cucamonga Creek around the year 1839. By the 1880s, large-scale efforts to distribute a reliable
supply of water to Rancho Cucamonga lands were underway. As described in detail below, several
individuals were particularly instrumental in bringing water to Rancho Cucamonga, including Isaias
Hellman, largely responsible for bringing water to Cucamonga in 1887, Adolph Petsch, involved in early
acquisition of land and distribution of water throughout Alta Loma beginning in 1881, and George and
William Chaffey (Chaffey Brothers), who implemented an innovative irrigation system in Etiwanda in the
early 1880s.
•
} H'1Sta�4 k 'c
7^ yam' nn'.i Ott"'s
x - '" ma x . 1.-:: a t'.,
lF
Figure 1: View of Cucamonga Valley vineyards looking north, 1942(Los Angeles Public Library)
Cucamonga: In 1870, Jewish immigrant Isaias Hellman, a prominent Los Angeles businessman and
one of the original 23 founders of the Farmers and Merchants Bank in Downtown Los Angeles, along .
with several of his associates, came into ownership of the Rancho Cucamonga at a cost of
approximately $50,000.4 They immediately sold a small amount of the land, turning a quick profit, and
4 Sources differ slightly in their descriptions of how Hellman obtained the rancho. Stoebe states that as president of the Farmers
and Merchants Bank in Los Angeles, Isaias W.Hellman had given the Rains Family their mortgage on the rancho property and that Hellman
ultimately foreclosed on the mortgage and obtained title to the entire property on May 9, 1871 (Martha Gaines Stoebe. History of Alta Lorna, •
California, 1880-1980. Rancho Cucamonga:City of Rancho Cucamonga, 2001,3). Clucas,on the other hand,simply states that Hellman
purchased the ranch for$49,000 in 1871 (Clucas,48). Also differing slightly,Dinkenspiel writes that the rancho was sold in a sheriffs auction
•
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
• HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
kept the remaining 8,000 acres. Under a newly-formed partnership, Cucamonga Company,5 Hellman
• and his associates subdivided the residual acreage and oversaw restoration of the local vineyards
(originally planted by John Rains) and winery, later to become the site of the Thomas Winery.6 The
result of this effort made Cucamonga Valley, "the biggest winemaking estate in California."' Some
Cucamonga Company lands were sold, ultimately comprising portions of Alta Loma and Etiwanda. In
order to obtain and bring water to Cucamonga lands, Isaias Hellman and his associates oversaw a
dramatic effort tunneling horizontally into Cucamonga Canyon in the San Gabriel Mountains to the
north to access water from natural mountain springs. Local Chinese immigrants served as the majority
of the labor force for this project. Water was delivered to Cucamonga in 1887 and land in the area
began to sell quickly.6 In 1895, the Cucamonga Company became the Cucamonga Vineyard
Company, incorporated and controlled solely by Isaias Hellman, who continued to manage vineyard
and winemaking operations. .
Etiwanda: The first European settlers came to the Etiwanda Colony, located in the eastern portion of
Rancho Cucamonga, in the early 1860s.° Having made his fortune in the California gold mines,
Captain Joseph S. Garcia (1823-1902) of the Azores Islands (located off the coast of Lisbon, Portugal),
purchased a large amount of land in the Cucamonga Valley and, in 1881, sold off much of the land
comprising Etiwanda-560 acres—to brothers George and William Chaffey for $30,000. This purchase
included Garcia's house and the water rights to local water sources, including Day Canyon and a creek
to the east.'° The Chaffeys made other land purchases in the Etiwanda area over time, eventually
creating a tract of over 7,500 acres." They named the colony "Etiwanda" after an Indian chief who had
been a friend of their uncle.12
The Chaffeys implemented an innovative system of gravity irrigation by subdividing their land into 10-
acre blocks and creating a network of cement pipes that distributed water evenly to each land parcel
(figs 14-15). They created the Mutual Water Company in 1882 (later renamed the Etiwanda Water
Company) organized around the notion that company members share equally in available water,
allowing land owners furthest from the local water source to retain a share of water equal to that of land
owners nearest the water source. The Chaffeys' system of gravity irrigation and equal access to water
was revolutionary for its time and their•land sold quickly. 3 The brothers went on to successfully
develop similar irrigation systems in the neighboring community of Ontario and then in areas of
Australia in the mid-to late-1880s.14 .
Alta Loma: In 1880, Pasadena-based horticultural land developer Adolph Petsch and a group of
associates purchased 160 acres of land in northern Alta Loma from a man named Henry Reed,15 and
named the land Hermosa. They also purchased the water rights to nearby Deer and Adler Canyons
in 1870 and that Isaias purchased the land for$49,819. He does not directly state that Isaias purchased the land at the auction,only that the
land was purchased at an auction(Frances Dinkenspiel. Towers of Gold:How One Jewish Immigrant Named Isaias Hellman Created
California. New York:St.Martin's Press,2008, 102).
5 James D.Hofer, Cucamonga Wines and Vines:A History of the Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard Association,Master of Arts thesis,
Claremont Graduate School,30 March 1983, 53;20.
°Hofer, 54.
'Dinkenspiel, 102.
°Clucas,61.
°Etiwanda: The First 100 Years,3.
10 Etiwanda: The First 100 Years, 5.
11 Etiwanda: The First 100 Years, 5.
t2 Clucas,203. The Indian chief appears to have been from the Michigan area.
13 Clucas,208-209.
16 Clucas,209.
15 In 1875,Mr. Henry Reed,a settler from Missouri,purchased the 160 acres of land and water rights to Deer Canyon and its
tributaries(later sold to Adolph Petsch)from Mr.William Whitfield,a settler who came to California at an unknown date(in the mid-1800s),
• settling in Etiwanda prior to Isaias Hellman's purchase of land in the Cucamonga area. After settling in Etiwanda,Whitfield purchased the
same 160 acres of land(later sold to Petsch), becoming the first settler in the area to purchase land from the Cucamonga Homestead
Association(Stoebe,3-4).
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
and formed the Hermosa Land and Water Company in 1881. In 1883, they purchased more land in •
present-day Alta Loma, establishing the "Iowa Tract" on 500 acres. The Iowa Tract was joined with
Hermosa in 1887 and the entire area was renamed loamosa. The Hermosa Land and Water Company
was incorporated in the same year to handle the consolidated land holdings, which mounted to over
700 acres. Petsch and the Hermosa Land and Water Company were able to sell lands quickly because
of their ability to supply each parcel with a dependable supply of water, using a method of irrigation
similar to that which was being used in Etiwanda. The Alta Loma area produced.high quantities of
citrus fruits, including.lemons, oranges, and grapefruit beginning in the 1880s and continued to grow •
citrus on a large scale for the next 60 years.76 loamosa-was renamed Alta Loma when colonists
determined that a new town should be built along the incoming Pacific Electric Railway in 1913.
Theme: Chinese Immigrant Workers (1880-1900)
Mid-19th century immigrants to the United States became an essential component of the labor force
throughout the country and in California in particular.17 Chinese immigrants comprised a significant—
and essential—portion of the working class in many American cities, working as railroad builders,
laborers, merchants, servants, miners, waiters, and more.18 While the Gold Rush of 1848 was the
initial force that drew Chinese immigrants to California, the need for laborers to build railroads and dig
tunnels for water created an ample supply of work that kept Chinese immigrants in the area for the
latter half of the 19th century and into the beginning of the 20th century.19 In 1885, the local agriculture
industry in Rancho Cucamonga began to require greater investment in securing local water sources
and Chinese workers became the primary labor force responsible for dredging and constructing tunnels
(still in use today) under stream beds to access water.20 Approximately 700 Chinese immigrants
resided in Rancho Cucamonga by 1890,21 living together in a settlement known locally as "Chinatown,"
which consisted of 12 houses clustered together along the south side of San Bernardino Road between
Hellman Avenue and what is now Klusman Avenue (figs 6, 7 and 10).22 The majority of the Chinese •
left Rancho Cucamonga after 1890 and had almost entirely vacated the region by about 1920.23 The
United States Census reports approximately 57 Chinese living in Cucamonga in 1900 and almost no
Chinese living in either Cucamonga or Etiwanda by 1930, although these figures do not include
residents of Alta Loma.24
•
Theme: Flood Control (1862-1976)
Given its location in an alluvial fan at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains, Rancho Cucamonga has
historically been prone to flooding from water rushing down the hillside. Major flooding in the City is
recorded as occurring in the years 1862, 1914, 1927, 1938, 1943, and 1969, although the first
measurement for Cucamonga Creek and its floods did not occur until 1927.25 Early flood control
strategies included construction of storm drains, and formation of a storm water district to include the
whole of Cucamonga Valley. As a result of the 1914 flood, the earliest noted flood control works on
Cucamonga Creek took place and included an interception ditch constructed by local ranchers to catch
16 Stoebe,24.
1'Richard A.Walker. California's Golden Road to Riches:Natural Resources and Regional Capitalism, 1848-1940,Annals of the
Association of American Geographers,Vol.91, No. 1 (Mar.,2001),167-199, 180.
1p In his book on Chinese agricultural workers in California in 1860-1910, author Sucheng Chan summarizes,"Though the Chinese
who earned a living in agriculture on a regular basis never numbered more than six or seven thousand and represented only 10 to 15 percent
of the total Chinese population in the state,even at the height of their prosperity in the last two decades of the nineteenth century,they played
an important role in the development of California agriculture,and the nature of that involvement, in turn,influenced the evolution of Chinese
communities in rural Cafrfomia"(Sucheng Chan. This Bittersweet Soil:The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910. Berkeley: University
of California press, 1986, 1-2.).
19 Bernice Conley. Pages from the Past. "Nationalities abound Locally,"July 27, 1980.
30 Clucas,61.
2'Conley,"Nationalities abound Locally,"July 27, 1980.
u Clucas,84.
23 Conley,"Nationalities abound Locally,"July 27, 1980. •
24 Chan, 1-2. Note: population figures for Chinese may be understated.
25 San Bernardino County Flood Control District,"Cucamonga Creek,1776-1976,After 200 Years,"8. •
Page 6 of 19
PI-36
CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
• HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
the overflow streams of Cucamonga Creek and carry them easterly to the main channel above 19th
• Street.i26 High stone curbs have also historically been used throughout the City as a flood control
mechanism. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, a series of walls and structures were built in
the foothills above the City by unemployed young men working at a Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
camp as part of a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project. The 1969 flood caused an estimated
$13.5 million in damages.27 In 1976, construction of a permanent flood control project for the
confinement and control of Cucamonga Creek began and the estimated cost at the time of construction
was $100 million.28
°' i54�1 4,4N+," C:tt LyySt, y_ � -,tt p
Yl -. ISM .GT�-4�.u��P.
_.sue
" ...,
Figure 2:View from water channel in San Gabriel Mountains south into Cucamonga Valley,2009(Chattel Architecture)
CONTEXT: RAILROAD AND AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT (1887-1970)
• Theme: Town Development: Cucamonga, Alta Loma, and Etiwanda (1887-1945)
Construction of railroads through the Cucamonga Valley allowed for tremendous growth of the local
agriculture industry, the success of land sales, and subsequent development of the towns of
Cucamonga (including the North Town neighborhood), Alta Loma and Etiwanda. Similar to other
Southern California boomtowns,29 construction of railroads through the region created a rapid increase
in local development, enabling both people and goods to move in and out of Rancho Cucamonga at
what was for the time an unprecedented speed, which dramatically increased agricultural production
and sales. From the early 1900s to the 1950s, the northern portion of the City's landscape consisted of
mostly citrus groves while the southern portion was dominated by vineyards.3°
Cucamonga: The Town of Cucamonga has been identified as a boomtown built in anticipation of the
Santa Fe Railway,31 completed through the region in 1887. The availability of rail transit created a
dramatic increase in the price of land sold in Cucamonga. The Cucamonga Fruit Land Company sold
off parcels of land at high profit margins, selling parcels that in 1886 had been selling for $70 per acre
for $150-$250 dollars per acre just one year later in 1887.32 Subsequently, the local agriculture industry
flourished during this time, with huge varieties of crops grown, including grapes, citrus, apricots, pears,
28 San Bernardino County Flood Control District,"Cucamonga Creek, 1776-1976,After 200 Years," 10.
2'San Bernardino County Flood Control District,"Cucamonga Creek, 1776-1976,After 200 Years,"22.
28 San Bernardino County Flood Control District,"Cucamonga Creek, 1776-1976,After 200 Years,"22.
2°Rail lines built in Southern California created a huge population boom in the region. The City of Los Angeles grew from 6,000 to
over 50,000 people in the 20 year period from 1870 to 1890. The majority of cities incorporated in the Los Angeles area in the late 1800s
experienced early growth due to availability of railways. (David Brodsly. "L.A.Freeway,An Appreciative Essay." Berkeley:University of
California Press, 1981,63;68-69).
80 Bob Hickcox. Rancho Cucamonga Oral History Project, Interview by Knox Mellon,13 Dec 1991,Introduction.
• 21 Brodsly,67-68.
32 The Cucamonga Fruit Land Company was created in 1886 and in 1887 it purchased all previously unsold land of the Cucamonga
Rancho(approximately 9,000 acres)(Clucas,51;60).
Page 7 of 1S
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
peaches, olives, figs, walnuts, chestnuts, almonds, hay grain, and potatoes.33 A flurry of commercial •
development followed, including the opening of the North Cucamonga Hotel in 1889, with construction
centered on what is today San Bernardino Road west of Archibald Avenue.34
Q I
�'
Figure 3: Citrus packing house on Santa Fe Railway, looking toward Archibald Avenue from 8th Street,c. 1920(Donald
Clucas, Light Over the Mountain:A History of the Rancho Cucamonga Area. Upland: California Family House, 1979, 77).
Cucamonga developed in the 1880s as an agricultural community (figs 1-5) with a small commercial
core centered on Archibald Avenue, connected the center of Cucamonga to the Santa Fe Railway and
community of North Town to the south (figs 6-9). Estacia Court, located one block south of San
Bernardino Road, between Klusman and Archibald Avenues, was developed with modestsingle-family .
Craftsman and Wood-Frame Vernacular bungalows, the majority of which were constructed by 1929,
with at least five constructed prior to 1915 (fig 12). The nearby portion of Foothill Boulevard to the
south was also initially developed with mostly residential properties, including modest single-family •
residences constructed around the same time as those on Estacia Court, although many of these
homes have been demolished or significantly altered. Available records indicate that the Klusman
Brothers (John, George and Henry) developed the majority of the residences on Estacia Court and
sections of Foothill Boulevard from the early 1910s through the 1930s. Each brother also made
significant contributions to local development citywide.
John Klusman was cofounder of the Mission Winery (later renamed Virginia Dare Winery), developer of
the Sycamore Inn on Foothill Boulevard and First National Bank of Cucamonga (later became Bank of
America) and president of the Cucamonga Water District for years.35 He developed numerous
properties throughout the City.36 Klusman Avenue was named after John, who requested the road be
constructed to connect San Bernardino Road to Foothill Boulevard, providing convenient access from
his office at the Water District (located at the southeast corner of San Bernardino Road and Klusman
Avenue).37 George Klusman was president of the First National Bank of Cucamonga and was also
president of the Cucamonga Citrus Association and "one of the most noted potato producers in all of
• Southern California.i38 Henry Klusman planted vineyards and grew citrus, was involved in concrete
irrigation system construction, and developed buildings throughout the City,39 including the Alta Loma
"Clucas,63. •
34 Clucas,53.
35 clucas, 108.
"John Klusman's House,constructed in 1928 and designed by Los Angeles-based firm Allison&Allison,is currently extant at 8841
Foothill Boulevard, located just east of Vineyard Avenue. (City of Rancho Cucamonga Historic Landmarks and Points of Interest,May 2006,
21, 52;Sanbom Fire Insurance Map of area, 1929).
"Clucas, 108.
18 Clucas, 108;City of Rancho Cucamonga Application for Historic Landmark Designation for 9113 Foothill Boulevard(George •
Klusman House), prepared by Maxine Strane,January 1987.
39 Clucas, 107.
Page 8 of 19
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
• HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
School in 1921, located at 9488 19th Street (extensively remodeled in the 1960s and restored to its
• original appearance in the 1990s)40
Between 1916 and 1927, John Klusman developed at least four bungalows on Foothill Boulevard in
the historic Cucamonga town center, located 9618-9642 Foothill (all four were demolished in 1993,
currently site of vacant lot west of the historic Richfield Oil Station). George and Henry Klusman were
responsible for construction of at least six bungalows (located at 9424-9494 Foothill Boulevard) on this
stretch of Foothill Boulevard in or around 1934, all of which were demolished 2004-2005.41 This
collection of development has been referred to as the "Klusman Trak."42 Two additional historic
bungalows on this segment of Foothill Boulevard are extant, located at 9612 Foothill Boulevard
(constructed c. 1946) and northeast corner of Foothill Boulevard and Klusman Avenue. In addition,
approximately six similar bungalows (developer unknown) constructed in the 1930s and 1940s are
located just east of Hellman Avenue and west of the "Main Street at Route 66" development, although
these bungalows as a group tend to lack architectural integrity and several have been significantly
altered and converted to commercial use. Available records indicate that the Klusmans are responsible
for construction of at least two bungalows on Estacia Court, likely more.43
As early as 1887, San Bernardino Road acted as an important road linking Cucamonga with the
neighboring community of Ontario to the west, terminating at Euclid Avenue in Ontario and ending near
• present-day Milliken Avenue to the east. Important community buildings, including a post office, school
(extant, fig 13), rooming house for migrant workers (extant, fig 11) and hotel, were located on San
Bernardino Road between Vineyard and Archibald Avenues. Cucamonga Water Company reservoir
(not extant) and office buildings (currently site of Chino Basin.Watermaster office, located at 9641 San
Bernardino Road) were located at the southwest corner of San Bernardino Road and present-day
Klusman Avenue by at least 1913 (A map of Cucamonga dated c. 1886 indicates a reservoir was
present on the site as early as1886 (figs 4, 6, 7 and 9).
A group of homes housing Chinese immigrant workers, known locally as "Chinatown," was located at
the southwest corner of San Bernardino Road and present-day Klusman Avenue in the late 1880s.
Only one building associated with the early Chinese community in Rancho Cucamonga remains,
constructed c. 1919. This site may yield significant archaeological resources. San Bernardino was
terminated at Archibald Avenue to the east as early as 1913 (fig 6); either the Pacific Electric Railway,
built through Rancho Cucamonga in 1914, or the channelized Cucamonga Creek, both of which
intersect San Bernardino Road, appear to have severed San Bernardino Road to the west. San
Bernardino Road retains a collection of important historic resources, including single-family Craftsman
•and wood-frame vernacular homes extant from the early 1900s.
North Town: Named for its position to the township of Guasti (a self-contained wine company town) to
the south,44 and situated directly on the Santa Fe Railway south of the historic•Cucamonga town center
(figs 31-38), North Town developed in the early 1900s as a neighborhood for agricultural workers (figs
39-42). By the 1930s it had become a community of Mexican immigrants who had moved to the region
looking for work during the Great Depression, eagerly answering the demand for agricultural laborers to
pick grapes, maintain vineyards and work picking and packing citrus.45 The community was for a time a
• 40 City of Rancho Cucamonga Historic Landmarks and Points of Interest, May 2006, 29.
41 City of Rancho Cucamonga Historic Landmarks and Points of Interest, May 2006, 52.
42 California Department of Parks and Recreation 523a survey form for 9474 Foothill Boulevard;by Lynn Merrill,September 1987.
03 City of Rancho Cucamonga Application for Historic Landmark and Point of Interest Designation forms for 9506 and 9611 Estacia
Court, completed by Arlene Banks, March 1988.
• 44 Max van Balgooy. 'North Town:A Disregarded Community,A focus on the 1930s,"Paper for Dr. Carlos Cortes,Chicano Studies
2, 1980.2 Dec 1980, 1.
45 Balgooy,2-3.
Page 9c`: ig
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
distinctly defined land area surrounded by vineyards, orchards, and empty fields on all sides.48 In the •
early 1900s, several other Latino neighborhoods were located throughout the City, including a
neighborhood on Monte Vista Street in Alta Loma and one on Base Line Avenue in Etiwanda, where
the 1-15 Freeway now passes through the City.47 Mexican immigrants also lived in Guasti.
The 1930s-era worker housing in North Town tended to be small in size, containing only one or two
bedrooms, one outhouse, and sometimes a garage or additional outbuilding (figs 3940).48 North Town
was connected to Cucamonga by commercial development along Archibald Avenue and is treated as
part of Cucamonga. In a map of the area dated ca. 1886, a rectangular area located northeast of the
intersection of Archibald and the Santa Fe Railway is identified as "Town Site" and contains markers
identifying the site of a hotel and the "Cucamonga Station," indicating that the core of the area currently
referred to as "North Town" historically served as a sort of secondary town center for Cucamonga (fig
•
30). North Town contains a collection of railroad-oriented industrial, institutional, commercial, and
residential properties. The majority of extant buildings associated with early neighborhood
development were constructed by the mid-1940s.
Etiwanda: The completion of the Santa Fe Railway through the Cucamonga Valley in 1887 created
enhanced opportunities for agriculture in early Etiwanda. Although residents of Etiwanda were
frustrated that the Santa Fe depot was established three-quarters of a mile east of their town, improved
transportation throughout the region still offered greater ease of transporting agricultural goods via
railway and the agriculture industry in Etiwanda flourished in the late 1880s. Etiwanda farmers
produced a variety of crops, including grape vines, oranges, lemons, apricots, peaches, and pears.49
Following its initial boom in agriculture, the Etiwanda Colony grew and began to have needs of a small
town. The Chaffey brothers oversaw the building of the first school in the Colony, located at the corner
of Base Line and East Avenues, in 1883 (fig 16). A second, larger school building was erected in 1890 • _
at the corner of Victoria and Etiwanda Avenues, replaced in 1912 by a larger red brick structure and
replaced once more in 1938 with a fourth school building, a portion of which remains today.50 The first
church, initially named the Congregational Church of Etiwanda and later •renamed the Etiwanda
Community Church, was founded in the late 1880s or early 1890s (exact date unknown).57 Reflecting
the growing prosperity of the region, the first electric light to be illuminated in Southern California was
turned on at the Garcia home in Etiwanda in 1882. Soon after, the Chaffey's began to install electric
lights on posts lining Euclid Avenue in neighboring Ontario, each spaced one mile apart.52 In the same
year, the Chaffeys' installed a telephone line to San Bernardino.53 The first telephone switching station
in the area was built in Etiwanda in the early 1930s on the property of the Norton-Fisher House, located
at 7165 Etiwanda Avneue. The station housed the automatic telephone dialing system for the Etiwanda
area, remaining in use until 1953.54
While Cucamonga and Alta Loma town centers developed small commercial cores, Etiwanda
developed in a more spread out, rural fashion, with cultural landscape features, such as windrows,
stone curbs, vineyards and citrus groves, and open space defining the character of the town (figs 19-
21). From the late 1880s through the 1960s, the most common property type in Etiwanda was single
'8 Nacho Gracia. Interview,5 June 2001,Rancho Cucamonga Oral History Project,2.
°Gracia,5.
u Gracia,3.
4°Clucas,211.
50 Clucas,212-213.
•
5' Clucas,212.
52 Clucas,216.
v Robert L.Hickcox. A History of Etiwanda. Etiwanda Historical Society, 1995,6. •
51 Etiwanda Telephone Switching Station,State of California Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Record(DPR 523a form),
Recorded by Lori Shriver,Planning Aide, City of Rancho Cucamonga, 16 July 2003.
•
PagE 'I0 of i9
p-3ql
CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
family homes, the majority of which lined Etiwanda and East Avenues, but were also present in
• residential enclaves adjacent to Pecan Avenue and Victoria Street, as well as scattered, tucked away
within expanses of agricultural land, making single-family residence situated within a historic orchard or
vineyard a significant property type. Etiwanda Avenue also contains several historic homes that have
been moved from their original locations to make room for new development. While original agricultural
land has largely been replaced by postwar residential tracts, many of the Chaffey's early land
subdivisions are evident today in the layouts of these later residential communities, which have clearly
been inserted into the Chaffey's land subdivisions (fig 17). Etiwanda has retained its alignment and
association with the Pacific Electric Railway right-of-way and contains the only surviving train depot in
the City of Rancho Cucamonga. The Etiwanda Railway Station (1914), a local historic landmark
located at 7089 Etiwanda Avenue (fig 18), is currently undergoing rehabilitation for reuse as a museum
or community facility. Other important property types in early Etiwanda include wineries, citrus packing
houses, canneries, water acquisition and storage facilities, early electricity and telephone-related
stations, and railroad-oriented buildings. The majority of extant buildings associated with early town
center development had been constructed by the mid-1940s.
Pacific Electric Railway (PE Railway): The •San Bernardino Line of the PE Railway, with stations in
Claremont, Upland, Alta Loma, Etiwanda, Fontana, and Rialto, was the Pacific Electric's longest line,
completed through Rancho Cucamonga via stations at Alta Loma and Etiwanda in July 1914, offering
competition to the older Santa Fe Railway to the south. Initially, the PE Railway was mostly used to
transport citrus, although it carried a variety of freight.
Alta Loma: The loamosa Colony obtained its current name, Alta Loma, around the year 1913 when
colonists determined that a new town should be built along the incoming PE Railway in order to take
advantage of opportunities associated with proximity to a major rail line, which would pass through
• loamosa and on to neighboring Etiwanda. Captain Peter A. Demens, along with a committee of
loamosa colonists, worked hard to encourage development of a rail line, declaring that the railroad
should come through loamosa, as opposed to other neighboring communities, because a significant
portion (over two-thirds) of citrus crops in Rancho Cucamonga were being grown in loamosa,
distinguishing loamosa from Cucamonga and Etiwanda, which grew mostly. grapes.55 Once
constructed, a boom in development occurred along the PE Railway in Alta Loma. Four packing
houses, loamosa Foothill Building, Alta Loma Warehouse, Hillside Groves Packinghouse, and
American Fruit Growers Packinghouse were quickly erected following completion of the railway.56
The San Bernardino Line of the PE Railway used a diesel-electric locomotive in 1951, converting the
original trolley activated-Direct Current system to low voltage track circuit operation, a change which
transitioned the Railway from a high-speed inter-urban operation to a low-speed diesel freight line.57
Demand for freight service on the San Bernardino Line declined after the 1950s, and in the early 1990s
the portion of the right-of-way in San Bernardino County was assigned to the San Bernardino
Associated Governments (SANBAG). While SANBAG has adopted policies preserving the right-of-way
for future rail transit, in 2000, a master plan was developed for conversion of the right-of-way into a 21-
mile multi-use trail stretching from Claremont to Rialto.58
As the town of Alta Loma developed surrounding the Pacific Electric right-of-way, with the majority of its
commercial and residential buildings are located on and immediately adjacent to Amethyst Avenue,
which runs north-south through Alta Loma (figs 22-30). Alta Loma also retains a concentration of
historic houses with arroyo/field stone construction and/or detailing, a common construction technique
ss Clucas, 179.
• u Clucas, 181.
Pacific Electric Inland Empire Trail Master Plan,Adopted Nov 2000,5.
55 Pacific Electric Inland Empire Trail Master Plan,Adopted Nov 2000,6.
• Page 11 o119
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
in Rancho Cucamonga because of the ample supply of stone in the area (fig 30). Many of the extant •
historic stone homes in the City are located in Alta Lorna, with a concentration on Hillside Road. The
Demens-Tolstoy House (1890), located at 9686 Hillside Road in Alta Loma, is an exemplary
representations of local stone architecture. Alta Loma also contains significant cultural landscape
features, such as windrows, stone curbs, vineyards and citrus groves, and open space that contribute
to the character of the town. As a result, preservation of these cultural landscape features should be
integral to preservation of this area. To this end, the City has already designated as a local landmark
historic walnut trees, planted in the 1930s and 1940s, lining Beryl Street north of Hillside Road in Alta
Loma (Parcel No. 1061-371-26, 27, 28, 29, 31 and 40). The majority of extant buildings associated
with early town center development had been constructed by the mid-1940s.
Theme: High Winds (1877-19601
Strong winds blowing through the Cucamonga Valley have historically posed a threat, causing
structural damage to buildings and disrupting the top soil needed intact for agricultural production. To
negotiate the force of the winds, tree windbreaks have historically been planted in high wind areas. A
variety of plant species, including Eucalyptus and Sycamore tree varieties have served as windbreaks,
remaining a visually prominent feature of the local landscape.
Theme: Winemakinq (1858-1970)
Granted the 13,000 acre Rancho Cucamonga in 1839, Tiburcio Tapia planted a small vineyard from
• vine clippings likely obtained from the neighboring San Gabriel Mission, established by Franciscan
priests in 1771,59 and also formed a small-scale winery 80 Tapia's original vineyard•passed through the
hands of Tapia's son-in-law, Leon V. Prudhomme,81 before being sold to John Rains in 1858, who
added greatly to the original vineyard, doubling it in size. "As a result of this effort, Cucamonga became
the most important business point between San Bernardino and Los Angeles, and shortly thereafter,
the wines produced here became known far and wide."82 Following Rains' death, the vineyard was •
taken over by Pierre and Jean Louis Sansevain, who also improved the vineyards,63 but the vineyards
were later destroyed, falling victim to locust infestation.84
Despite the loss of Tapia's original vineyard, the winemaking industry continued to develop and flourish
in the Cucamonga Valley, moving from modestly sized wine making operations to larger-scale wine
production facilities. Secondo Guasti's Italian Vineyard Company, established in 1883, was among the
first production-oriented wine-making companies in the region, covering over 5,000 acres with wine-
producing grapes by the early 1900s. By comparison, the entire Cucamonga Valley contained over
16,000 acres of wine grapes by 1919.65
In 1919, the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed, establishing nation-wide
prohibition of the "sale, manufacturing, or transportation of alcoholic beverages." It lasted
approximately 15 years and had a pronounced effect on the local wine-making industry in Rancho
Cucamonga. While many wineries were forced to close down operations, others conceived of creative
ways to keep their businesses open despite Prohibition. Some wineries continued to harvest grapes,
using their facilities to produce a variety of products including table grapes, grape juice, grape and wine
se Dinkelspiel, 101.
"'James Hofer. "A short history of grape growing in the Cucamonga Valley,"Cucamonga Valley, an area with a vibrant past—and
present, California Historian,Conference of California Historical Societies,Vol. 53, No.4,2007,23.
61 Clucas,65.
B2 Clucas,65-68. Grapes varieties grown in Cucamonga Valley primarily produced sweet wines.
63 Clucas,65.
B1 Clucas implies,although does not explicitly state,that the vineyards were destroyed by locust infestation prior to 1920(Clucas, •
70).
"Hofer,23.
Pane 12
2 of
CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
• jellies, and beef and liver additives.88 As taking wine with meals was an important custom for Italian
immigrants in particular, home winemaking was allowed at a maximum quantity of 200 gallons per year
for family use.67 Despite the hardships placed on grape growers during prohibition, the amount of land
used for vineyards continued to grow in the Cucamonga region, increasing from 16,000 acres in 1919
to 21,000 acres in 1930.88
Tz k
t _
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Figure 4: Garrett& Company vineyard, 1929(Los Angeles Public Library) •
Prohibition was repealed in.December of 1933 and many United States wineries restarted operation.
During this time, the wine-making industry largely shifted from small- to large-scale production
• operations. In order to compete with large-scale wineries, small-scale wineries joined with one another
to form cooperatives such as the Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard Association (formed 1934), which
allowed association members to pool fruit and share revenue on a percentage basis determined by the
quantity of fruit contributed by each grower.69 Cucamonga Vintage Company, the first local cooperative
formed in the Cucamonga Valley, was organized in 1911, operating out of a winery building leased from
the Lucas Ranch (currently known as the Biane Winery, formerly Padre Winery), located on east Eighth
Street near Turner Avenue, adjacent to the Santa Fe Railway (extant). Many original members of the
Cucamonga Vintage Company later became members of the Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard
Association, which addressed specific needs of Depression Era grape growers. Operating out of a
winery located east of Haven Avenue, just north of the Santa Fe Railway (demolished), the Cucamonga
Pioneer Vineyard Association is described as, "Cucamonga Valley's first mutual marketing group of
grape growers."70 Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard Association focused heavily on pricing and marketing
of its products, responding to the Depression Era need of grape growers to turn a profit and take
advantage of the renewed, post-Prohibition market for alcohol products." Also benefitting cooperative
grape growers at the time, cooperative associations received exemption from federal income tax, with
individuals rather than the association required to pay tax on their portion of the profit.72 Improvements
in the handling and transportation of wine grapes that came about upon the repeal of Prohibition also
"°One particularly innovative approach to keeping wineries alive was the selling of Wine Grower's Brick,a non-alcoholic"brick"of
grape juice containing a recipe for how to not make wine with the addition of a specific list of ingredients one should not mix with the"brick"
(i.e.,"do not add six cups of sugar,do not add this special yeast that we have provided, do not add this much water,because if you do you will
be in violation of the Prohibition act as a manufacturer of wine"). After several years of successful Wine Grower's Brick sales,the government
discovered the"brick"and outlawed sale of such items(Hofer,23).
87 Hofer, 23.
68 Hofer,23.
89 Hofer,24.
'°James D.Hofer,James D. Hofer, Cucamonga Wines and Vines:A History of the Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard Association,
• Master of Arts thesis,Claremont Graduate School, 30 March 1983,97.
71 Hofer, 96.
72 Hofer, 98.
;.411
CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
•
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
facilitated recovery and success of the winemaking industry in the Cucamonga Valley, which continued •
to flourish until the early 1950s.73
•
The postwar alteration of Cucamonga Valley's rural landscape began in 1947 with construction of
Henry J. Kaiser's large steel mill in Fontana. Then, in 1951, the City of Ontario removed a vineyard
purchased 11 years earlier for expansion of its airport; the city continued to acquire more vineyards as
the airport grew. Meanwhile, tastes in wine were changing, and sweet wines traditionally produced in
the Cucamonga Valley were losing market share to drier varietal wines produced in Northern California.
Bad weather conditions in the early 1950s led to poor harvests. Suburban sprawl sent real estate
prices and property taxes soaring, and increased air pollution adversely affected agriculture. In 1950,
20 wineries were operating in the Rancho Cucamonga area. By 1970, only five remained.74
CONTEXT: ROUTE 66 (1926-1970)
Completed across the United States in the late 1930s, United States Highway 66 (Route 66) resulted
from a nation-wide effort to create a highway linking small towns and larger cities from Chicago to Los
Angeles. Route 66 is located along Foothill Boulevard running east-west through Rancho Cucamonga
and contains historic resources significant for their association with Route 66, such as the locally
designated Richfield Oil Station, located at 9670 Foothill Boulevard, and the Magic Lamp Inn, located at
8189 Foothill Boulevard. Aided by the financial backing and large-scale organization of the Federal Aid
Road Act of 1916 and the Federal Highway Act of 1921, Route 66 (also referred to as "The Mother
Road") was commissioned in 1926. Nationwide prosperity following WWII afforded many people the
opportunity to travel for leisure and automobile excursions west on Route 66 quickly evolved into a
cultural phenomenon. It attracted a multitude of tourists anxious to see the West .and visit the
interesting roadside businesses that had sprung up alongside Route 66, appealing to the tourist market •
with an array of food and refreshment options, trading posts, references to Native American culture,
and more obscure sources of entertainment, such as snake pits, petting zoos, and exotic carnival
games.75 The popularity of Route 66 indirectly led to its demise and ultimately to its decommissioning
in 1985.76 Experiencing heavy_traffic during WWII by tourists and the trucking industry, it became
crowded and fell into disrepair. In addition, beginning in the 1950s, modern highways and interstate
systems were built throughout the nation, often bypassing small towns that had grown dependent on
Route 66 travelers for business. Despite the dramatic decline in traffic, some Route 66 businesses
endured, developing a cult following of travelers anxious to experience the mystic Route 66 as it once
was.78
The section of Route 66 running through Rancho Cucamonga contains a small collection of scattered
historic resources potentially significant for their association with Route 66. However, modern
developments on Foothill Boulevard have interrupted the continuity and sense of time and place
necessary for designation of a Route 66 historic district in the City, although a small cluster of historic
resources, including the Magic Lamp Inn, is located in the Bear Gulch area along Foothill Boulevard in
the western portion of the City (figs 55-56). Other local historic resources potentially significant for their
association with Route 66 tend to be scattered and include single-family homes and small commercial
establishments (figs 57-58).
"Hofer,23.
"Historical Assessment and Artifacts Inventory of the Ellena Brothers Winery/Regina Grape Products Co.(Regina Winery),
Prepared for the Redevelopment Agency of the City of Rancho Cucamonga;Prepared by Chattel Construction Corporation/Mellon&
Associates,Oct 1997, 11-3.
'5 Repp,Thomas Arthur. Route 66:The Romance of the West. Lynnwood:Mock Turtle Press,2002,9.
76 Michael Cassity. Route 66 Corridor National Historic Context Study,National Park Service,2004,vi. •
"Cassity,236.
'°Cassity,vi.
Page 4 of 114
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
CONTEXT: POSTWAR DEVELOPMENT (1945-1977)
• Following World War II, Rancho Cucamonga's landscape began to shift from a rural to suburban
environment, reflecting the nation-wide trend toward decentralization of the city. Driven by rapid
highway construction, increasing automobile ownership, availability of modern building technologies,
and the Baby Boom, the postwar period brought about an increase in housing demand and rising land
values, spawning development of tract housing and light industry in Rancho Cucamonga on land
previously used for agriculture.79 After World War II and prior to incorporation in 1977, the City
"experienced uncontrolled growth."80 It ultimately became a sprawling suburb, with tract housing,
neighborhood-scale shopping centers, office parks, and surface parking proliferating throughout the
City, aiming to meet the needs of nearby residents while accommodating automobiles. Underscoring
the dramatic increase in local development occurring postwar, in 1979, prominent local developer Lewis
Homes (founded 1955 by Ralph and Goldy Lewis), announced sales of 533 single-family Inland Empire
homes in the first nine months of the year, not including sales of commercial and multi-family
developments.81
Historic aerial photographs of the City indicate that postwar tract housing was frequently inserted into
plots of land formerly used for agriculture (fig 44).82 Many such tracts represent the curvilinear
residential suburb model that had become the nationwide standard for neighborhood design by the late
1940s (fig 43).B3 Characterized by curving streets as opposed to an orthogonal grid, this model was
ideally interspersed with neighborhood parks, landscaping, and trails, with a small handful of housing
models repeated throughout the tract. Standardization and large-scale production of housing stock
• allowed many homes to be built quickly and at a low cost, meeting the postwar demand for Veteran
housing and accommodations to meet the needs of the continually growing population. As lands once
occupied by agricultural uses were needed to accommodate this new pattern of development, the citrus
• groves and vineyards that had once characterized rural local landscape in Rancho Cucamonga
eventually gave way almost entirely to suburbanization. Rising land values, coupled with pressure from
realtors to sell land for residential development made it increasingly difficult for farmers to continue
using their land for agriculture when it was worth more developed with housing.84
While a survey of all postwar housing in Rancho Cucamonga has yet to be performed, the City is home
to several early postwar tracts, some of which retain a strong sense of time and place and as such
should be considered for their historic significance as an intact grouping of postwar homes. For
example, the housing tract located northwest of the historic town center of Cucamonga, bounded by
Hellman Avenue to east and San Bernardino Road to the South, centering on Selma Avenue, Harvard
Street and Montara Avenue (Cucamonga Vineyard Tract Subdivision B, Tract No. 5576, figs 43-48; see
figs 49-51 for additional examples) appears to be a relatively intact example of postwar tract housing,
with the majority of the houses in the tract organized along curvilinear streets culminating in cul-de-
sacs, retaining original Swiss Chalet architectural features, street set-backs, and general sense of time
and place as a collection of early postwar housing.
Although tract housing was not beginning to be developed on a large scale in Rancho Cucamonga until
the 1950s, development of housing tracts on local agricultural lands was sparked as early as 1942,
t°David L.Ames and Linda Flint McClelland. Historic Residential Suburbs:Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation for the
National Register of Historic Places. U.S.Department of the Interior, National Park Service,Sept 2002,25.
eo City of Rancho Cucamonga,"Rancho Cucamonga:A Tradition of Vision,"brochure p 5.
B1"Lewis Homes Hits$52.6 Million in Sales,"Los Angeles Times, 13 Oct 1979,OC C8.
82 Robert DeBerard,Personal Interview, Rancho Cucamonga Oral History Project, Interviewers:Margo McBane and Margaret
• Finnegan, 7 June 2001,Transcript p 13;29.
"3 Ames and McClelland,51.
°a Ames and McClelland,51.
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA •
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
when Kaiser Steel Mill began operations in nearby Fontana.85 Initially producing steel to aid the war •
effort, Kaiser Steel Mill was the ninth-largest steel production facility in the country by the late 1950s,
employing 7,700 workers at its peak in production.ee This new industry helped spark regional growth,
necessitating an increase in local housing stock for Steel Mill workers. Farmers received pressure to
sell agricultural land from realtors who wanted to develop land for much needed Steel Mill worker
housing.87 Kaiser Community Homes, one of the many successful enterprises started by Henry J.
Kaiser, developed many postwar housing tracts in the Inland Empire and nationwide.88 In 1946, Henry
Kaiser announced that his company would build more than 10,000 low-cost homes throughout the
nation, beginning in Southern California and working towards the east coast.
While competition from imported steel suppliers and stricter air quality regulations gradually crippled
Kaiser Steel Mill's business, closing operations in the 1980s, availability of low cost land throughout the
Inland Empire continued to attract development to the area.89 By 1995, the Inland Empire had become
an attractive location for large warehouse construction, with large-scale "big box" retailers such as
Home Depot and Wal-Mart setting up warehouses and distribution centers throughout the area at a
much cheaper rate than would have been available in Los Angeles. Warehouses for manufacturing
and metal fabrication also proliferated throughout the region, further enhancing need for large quantities
of affordable housing in Rancho Cucamonga, although the majority of warehouses were constructed in
Mira Loma, Rialto and Fontana.eo
Also important in influencing postwar suburbanization in Rancho Cucamonga was increasing
employment and transportation options offered by expansion of the nearby Ontario International Airport
(originally Ontario Airport). In 1942 the United States government allocated Works Progress
Administration funding to improve the existing dirt runway at the Ontario Airport to two paved runway for
Army and Army Air Corps operations. •At close•of the war in 1945, airport operations lessened for a •
time, although the airport became Ontario International Airport in 1946. In 1949 airlines began offering
regular passenger service into and out of the airport. Beginning in 1951, military operations at the
airport resumed, using the airport for California Air National Guard operations for the Korean War.
Various airport improvements and runway extensions took place through 1962. Airport traffic increased
steadily over the years and in 1998 new terminals opened. By 2000, the airport had 6.7 million annual
passengers, generating more than 55,000 jobs in the region.91
CONTEXT: CONSOLIDATION AND INCORPORATION (1977-2010)
Encouraged by the initial boom in land values and development, Rancho Cucamonga colonists began
discussing the possibility of incorporating the three towns of Cucamonga, Alta Loma and Etiwanda as
early as 1887. Despite attempts at consolidation over the years, it was not until much later that this
dream was realized. The City of Rancho Cucamonga was finally incorporated in 1977, consolidating
es Kaiser Steel was one of many successful businesses started by Henry J.Kaiser, "a prominent Los Angeles industrialist[who]
established Kaiser-Pemianente medical services in Los Angeles in the 1930s and founded Kaiser Industries. Kaiser Industries owned and
operated a number of subsidiary raw materials plants,including Kaiser Metal Products,Kaiser Steel,Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical,and the
Permanente Cement Company. Kaiser had earlier experience in large-scale low-cost housing,having participated in the construction of 800
units surrounding the Kaiser steel plant in Fontana. He also experimented with prefabricated Kaisercraft homes. [Fritz B.)Bums,[a
successful Los Angeles developer]combined his expertise in land development and community building with Kaisers corporate assets and
access to raw materials to establish Kaiser Community Homes."(Historic Resources Group,California Department of Parks and Recreation
523d district record,Panorama City Historic District,20 May 2002, 5.)
°°Rob Leicester Wagner,Sleeping Giant An Illustrated History of Southern California's Inland Empire, Las Vegas:Stephens Press,
2005, 111.
°°Robert DeBerard,Transcript p28.
"DeBerard,24. •
• °D Wagner, 111. •
°D Wagner, 113.
°f Wagner, 137.
PagE: 18 rf.i9
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA •
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
•
• Cucamonga, Alta Loma, and Etiwanda into one municipality, reaching a milestone sought after by local •
residents for nearly one hundred years. Incorporation halted the uncontrolled growth that had been
occurring in the area and provided numerous other benefits, including increased park and recreation
opportunities, improvements to existing neighborhoods, construction of new neighborhoods, and
advances in local economic development. The three historic towns became part of the larger whole,
providing opportunities for growth and improvement but also absorbing the character of each town
center. As a result, the City has before it the opportunity to plan for the benefit of•the City at-large while
also continuing to recognize the historic communities from which it came.
•
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Page 17 of 19
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CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
REFERENCES
Ames, David L. and Linda Flint McClelland. Historic Residential Suburbs: Guidelines for Evaluation •
and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places. U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, Sept 2002.
Balgooy, Max van. "North Town: A Disregarded Community, A focus on the 1930's," Paper for Dr.
Carlos Cortes, Chicano Studies 2, 1980.
Brodsly, David. L.A. Freeway:An Appreciative Essay, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.
Cassity, Michael, Ph.D. Route 66 National Historic Context Study. Santa Fe: National Trails System
Office — Intermountain Region, National Park Service, 2004.
Chan, Suchent, This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1986.
Clucas, Donald L. Light Over the Mountain:A History of the Rancho Cucamonga Area. Upland:
California Family House, 1979.
Conley, Bernice. Pages from the Past(collection of reprints from the column entitled "Pages from the
Past" which appeared in The Daily Report from 9/9/1979 through 9/5/1982)
Dinkelspiel, Frances. Towers of Gold: How One Jewish Immigrant Names Isaias Hellman Created
California._ New York: Saint Martin's Press, 2008.
Etiwanda Telephone Switching Station, State of California Department of Parks and Recreation Primary •
Record (DPR 523a form), Recorded by Lori Shriver, Planning Aide, City of Rancho Cucamonga,
16 July 2003.Etiwanda: The First 100 Years. 1982.
Hickcox, Robert L. A History of Etiwanda. Etiwanda Historical Society, 1995.
Historical Assessment and Artifacts Inventory of the Ellena Brothers Winery / Regina Grape Products
Co. (Regina Winery), Prepared for Redevelopment Agency of the City of Rancho Cucamonga;
Prepared by Chattel Construction Corporation / Mellon &Associates, Oct 1997, 11-3.
Hofer, James. "A short history of grape growing in the Cucamonga Valley", Cucamonga Valley, an
area with a vibrant past— and present, California Historian, Conference of California Historical
Societies, Vol. 53, No. 4.
Hofer, James D. Cucamonga Wines and Vines:A History of the Cucamonga Pioneer Vineyard
Association. Master of Arts thesis, Claremont Graduate School, 30 March 1983.
Repp, Thomas Arthur. Route 66: The Romance of the West. Lynnwood: Mock Turtle Press, 2002.
Stoebe, Martha Gaines. The History of Alta Loma, California, 1880-1980. Rancho Cucamonga: City of
Rancho Cucamonga, 2001.
Walker, Richard A. California's Golden Road to Riches: Natural Resources and Regional Capitalism,
1848-1940, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 91, No. 1 (Mar., 2001), 167-
199, 180.
White, Beverly, Phillys Jeanne Clark, Robert L. Hickcox, Chester Frost, and Dr. Robert Davis. •
Etiwanda: The First 100 Years. 1982.
Page 18 of?=,
CITY OF RANCHO CUCAMONGA
HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT
Government Documents
•
Pacific Electric Inland Empire Trail Master Plan, Adopted Nov 2000, 5.
San Bernardino County Flood Control District, "Cucamonga Creek, 1776-1976, After 200 Years."
2008 Regional Transportation Plan Growth Forecast, Southern California Association of Governments
(SCAG), 2008.
Oral Histories
Hickcox, Bob, Oral Interview (Interviewer Knox Mellon), Rancho Cucamonga Oral History Project, 13
Dec 1991.
Gracia, Nacho, Oral Interview (Interviewers: Margo McBane and Margaret Finnegan), Rancho
Cucamonga Oral History Project, 5 June 2001 .
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